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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 61(1)mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408973

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es uno de los padecimientos pulmonares más frecuente a nivel mundial. Tiene repercusión sobre la mortalidad, causa importante discapacidad y afecta un número considerable de sujetos en edad productiva. La hipertensión pulmonar es una complicación usual de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y en particular de la pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y sospecha de hipertensión pulmonar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo en 50 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico desde noviembre 2016 a enero 2018. Se analizaron variables tales como la edad, el sexo, la prueba de función ventilatoria, la radiografía de tórax, el electrocardiograma y el ecocardiograma. Resultados: De 700 pacientes portadores de enfermedad pulmonar crónica, se sospechó hipertensión pulmonar en 7 por ciento y fue confirmada en 34. Las frecuencias por sexo fueron similares y primaron los mayores de 60 años. El 41,6 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo afectación respiratoria severa, 70,6 por ciento presentó hipertensión pulmonar ligera y 64,7 por ciento tenía disnea grado 3. Los índices kappa entre las técnicas utilizadas para el diagnóstico de la hipertensión pulmonar superaron la cifra de 0,74. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de hipertensión pulmonar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica fue elevada. Primaron pacientes con afectación severa de la función respiratoria e hipertensión pulmonar ligera. El grado de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica no determinó la severidad de hipertensión pulmonar. Los mayores valores de concordancia entre las técnicas diagnósticas se obtuvieron para la radiografía y el ecocardiograma(AU)


Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most frequent, worldwide. It has impact on mortality, causing significant disability and affecting a considerable number of subjects of productive age. Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Objective: To describe patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and suspected pulmonary hypertension. Methods: A descriptive, prospective study was carried out in 50 patients treated at Benéfico Jurídico Pneumological Hospital from November 2016 to January 2018. Variables such as age, sex, ventilatory function test, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram and the echocardiogram were analyzed. Results: Out of 700 patients with chronic lung disease, pulmonary hypertension was suspected in 7 por ciento and confirmed in 34. The frequencies by sex were similar and those older than 60 years prevailed. 41.6 por ciento of the patients had severe respiratory involvement, 70.6 por ciento had mild pulmonary hypertension and 64.7 por ciento had grade 3 dyspnea. The kappa indices between the techniques used for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension exceeded the figure of 0.74. Conclusions: The frequency of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was high. Patients with severe impairment of respiratory function and mild pulmonary hypertension predominated. The degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease did not determine the severity of pulmonary hypertension. The highest concordance values between diagnostic techniques were obtained for radiography and echocardiography(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spirometry/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies
2.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1422290

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To quantify and compare respiratory functions and further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco and non-tobacco users. Material and Methods: First control group, non-tobacco users (n=55); Second group, smokers' group (n=168) who currently smoked cigarettes; Third group smokeless/chewing type, tobacco group (n=81); Fourth group, both smokeless and smoking type tobacco users (n=46). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependences (FTND) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) instruments were used to assess nicotine dependence. Subsequently, spirometry and Toluidine Blue (TB) vital staining were performed. Chi-squared and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fagerstrom test resulted in 48.8% of subjects with low dependency, followed by an increase in nicotine dependency from low to moderate (29.2%), moderate (15.6%), and highly dependent (6.4%) groups. All respiratory function tests and oral screening confirmed significant changes amongst tobacco and non-tobacco users. The forced vital capacity of non-smoker group was significantly different from other tobacco users' group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Early effects of tobacco use can lead to complications with the respiratory system and oral cavity. Such data can be used to delineate the harm of tobacco and should be used to urge individuals to evade the utilization of tobacco (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Spirometry/methods , Tobacco Use Disorder , Lung Volume Measurements/instrumentation , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Nicotine/adverse effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , India/epidemiology
3.
Rev. cuba. med ; 60(2): e1476, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1280343

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es un problema sanitario mundial por su elevada prevalencia, morbilidad y cuantioso costo económico. Objetivo: Caracterizar mediante la pletismografía a los pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que presentaron una discrepancia clínica espirométrica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 33 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que acudieron a consulta externa del Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico y el Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas. Se les realizaron volúmenes pulmonares por pletismografía corporal y espirometría en el período comprendido de noviembre 2016 a marzo 2018. Resultados: El sexo masculino (69,7 por ciento) resultó el más frecuente y el grupo de edad predominante fue mayor de 65 años (60,6 por ciento). El 41,2 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron grado de obstrucción moderadamente severo. La capacidad pulmonar total y el volumen residual fueron normales (72,7 por ciento y 42,5 por ciento) respectivamente. El 43,8 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron hiperinsuflación leve. El grado 3 de disnea fue el que predominó en los pacientes. El 12,1 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron aumento del volumen residual dado por atrapamiento aéreo grave con la disminución del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo. Conclusiones: El comportamiento de los volúmenes pulmonares por pletismografía corporal en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica con disociación clínico-espirométrica, evidenció la disminución del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo y el aumento del volumen residual relacionándose con el grado de disnea(AU)


Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a global health problem due to its high prevalence, morbidity and high economic cost. Objective: By using plethysmography, to describe patients with diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that had spirometric clinical discrepancy. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 33 patients with diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who attended the outpatient clinic at Benéfico Jurídico Pneumologic Hospital and the Clinical Research Centre. Lung volumes were performed by body plethysmography and spirometry from November 2016 to March 2018. Results: The male sex (69.7 percent) was the most frequent and the predominant age group was older than 65 years (60.6 percent). 41.2 percent of the patients had moderately severe degree of obstruction. Total lung capacity and residual volume were normal, 72.7 percent and 42.5 percent, respectively. 43.8 percent of the patients had mild hyperinflation. Grade 3 dyspnea was the one that predominated in the patients. 12.1 percent of the patients showed increased residual volume due to severe air trapping with decreased forced expiratory volume in the first second. Conclusions: The behavior of lung volumes by body plethysmography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with clinical-spirometric dissociation, evidenced decrease in forced expiratory volume in the first second and increased in residual volume related to the degree of dyspnea(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Plethysmography, Whole Body/methods , Spirometry/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 49(4): e579, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1156517

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La espirometría, también conocida como prueba funcional ventilatoria, es una de las pruebas no invasivas que con más frecuencia se realiza en todo el mundo, para el estudio del aparato respiratorio, es de gran utilidad clínica, permite establecer la existencia de alteraciones funcionales incipientes del sistema respiratorio. Objetivo: Realizar una actualización del estado del conocimiento acerca de la importancia de contar con valores de referencia, en cada país, para el estudio de la función pulmonar. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión, con información actualizada del comportamiento de los valores de referencia de las pruebas funcionales ventilatorias en el mundo y en Cuba. Conclusión: Se concluye enfatizando en la necesidad de aplicar ecuaciones de predicción y valores de referencia de la función ventilatoria a partir de la propia población que se estudie, con lo que se obtienen resultados más cercanos a lo real. Además, lograr contar con tablas de normalidad cubanas de la función pulmonar para un mejor diagnóstico y conducta posterior(AU)


Introduction: Spirometry, also known as a ventilatory functional test, is one of the non-invasive tests that is most frequently performed worldwide, for the study of the respiratory system, it is of great clinical utility, it allows establishing the existence of functional alterations incipients of the respiratory system. Objective: To update the state of knowledge about the importance of having reference values, in each country, for the study of lung function. Methods: A review was carried out, with updated information on the behavior of the reference values ​​of the ventilatory functional tests in the world and in Cuba. Conclusion: It is concluded by emphasizing the need to apply prediction equations and reference values ​​of the ventilatory function from the population under study, which results closer to the real. In addition, to have Cuban normality tables of lung function for a better diagnosis and subsequent behavior(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Spirometry/methods , Cuba
5.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 6(2): 113-122, abr.-jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391008

ABSTRACT

Los adaptados genéticamente a la altura son los tibetanos, sherpas y etíopes; los aymaras y quechuas están aclimatados (Bolivia, Perú y norte de Chile). En Bolivia el mal crónico de montaña afecta 10% de la población masculina. El objetivo fue determinar la función ventricular derecha en residentes sanos y con mal crónico de montaña mediante ecocardiografía transtoráxica. Se utilizaron participantes sanos y con mal crónico de montaña admitidos por el IBBA, desde el año 2012 al 2013. Las variables tomadas son: demográficas, espirometria forzada, gasometría arterial en reposo e hiperoxia, ECG y ECCTT. Los controles (n 40), la edad promedio (44,13±9,69 años), predominio masculino y sobrepeso (IMC 26,27±6,68kg /m2), procedentes de La Paz 3.600 msnm (54%), Potosí 4.000 msnm (22%), El Alto 4.100 msnm (15%) y Oruro 3.800 msnm (9%), el promedio de Hematocrito 51,34±2,91%, hemoglobina 17,15±0,89gr/ dl, Espirometria forzada y Gasometría arterial en reposo e hiperoxia normales, la ECCTT muestra hipertensión pulmonar leve (35,85±3,64mmHg), aumento de grosor del VD (0,51±0,08), TAPSE (2,94±3,85mmHg) y el índice de Tei (0,44±0,22) normales. Los casos (n 40), la edad promedio (48,43±8,08 años), predominio masculino y sobrepeso (IMC 29,54±3,41kg / m2), procedente de La Paz 3.600 msnm (56%), Potosí 4.000 msnm (24%), El Alto 4.100 msnm (13%) y Oruro 3.800 msnm (7%), Hematocrito 63,08±6,2%, Hemoglobina 21,01±2,01gr/dl con eritrotrocitosis, espirometría forzada normal, gasometría arterial en reposo con hipoxemia moderada (PaO2 51,73±4,68mmHg), hipocapnia (PaCO2 27,62±2,04mmHg) y gradiente Alveolo-arterial aumentado (7,61±3,15). Gasometría arterial en hiperoxia descarta shunt (PaO2 308,9±52,58mmHg), el ECG muestra 2 de 11 criterios de crecimiento VD, la ECCTT con hipertensión pulmonar moderada (PSAP 45,22±5,69mmHg), aumento de grosor del VD (0,73±0,22), TAPSE (2,08±0,18cm), normal e índice de Tei (0,51±0,10) ligeramente aumentado. Se concluyó que la función ventricular derecha se encuentra conservada, a pesar de tener hipertensión pulmonar leve (controles) y moderada (casos), con aumento del grosor del ventrículo derecho.


Those genetically adapted to the height are the Tibetans, Sherpas, and Ethiopians; the Aymara and Quechuas are acclimatized (Bolivia, Peru, and northern Chile). In Bolivia, chronic mountain sickness affects 10% of the male population. The objective was to determine the right ventricular function in healthy residents with chronic mountain sickness using transthoracic echocardiography. Use the healthy and chronically ill mountain participants admitted by the IBBA, from 2012 to 2013. The variables taken are demographic, forced spirometry, arterial blood gas at rest and hyperoxia, ECG, and ECCTT. Controls (n 40), average age (44.13 ± 9.69 years), male predominance and overweight (BMI 26.27 ± 6.68kg / m2), frequency from La Paz 3,600 masl (54%), Potosí 4,000 masl (22%), El Alto 4,100 masl (15%) and Oruro 3,800 masl (9%), the average Hematocrit 51.34 ± 2.91%, hemoglobin 17.15 ± 0.89gr / dl, Forced spirometry y Resting arterial blood gas and normal hyperoxia, ECCTT shows mild pulmonary hypertension (35.85 ± 3.64 mmHg), increased RV thickness (0.51 ± 0.08), TAPSE (2.94 ± 3.85 mmHg ) and the Tei index (0.44 ± 0.22) normal. The cases (n 40), the average age (48.43 ± 8.08 years), male predominance and overweight (BMI 29.54 ± 3.41kg / m2), derived from La Paz 3,600 masl (56%), Potosí 4,000 masl (24%), El Alto 4,100 masl (13%) and Oruro 3,800 masl (7%), Hematocrit 63.08 ± 6.2%, Hemoglobin 21.01 ± 2.01gr / dl with erythrocytosis, normal forced spirometry , resting arterial blood gas with moderate hypoxemia (PaO2 51.73 ± 4.68mmHg), hypocapnia (PaCO2 27.62 ± 2.04mmHg) and increased Alveolo-arterial gradient (7.61 ± 3.15). Arterial blood gas in hyperoxia rules out shunt (PaO2 308.9 ± 52.58mmHg), ECG shows 2 of 11 RV growth criteria, ECCTT with moderate pulmonary hypertension (PSAP 45.22 ± 5.69mmHg), increased RV thickness (0.73 ± 0.22), TAPSE (2.08 ± 0.18cm), normal and Tei index (0.51 ± 0.10) slightly increased. It was concluded that the right ventricular function is preserved, a weight of having mild pulmonary hypertension (controls) and moderate (cases), with increased thickness of the right ventricle.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Adaptation, Physiological/genetics , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Altitude Sickness , Reference Values , Spirometry/methods , Blood Gas Analysis , Bolivia , Echocardiography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Indigenous Peoples
6.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 36(1): 13-17, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115457

ABSTRACT

Las guías ATS/ERS recomiendan utilizar valores de referencia nacionales para la interpretación de la espirometría. En 2014 se publicaron valores de referencia en población general chilena adulta, que difieren de los de Knudson actualmente en uso. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los laboratorios de función pulmonar siguen utilizando estas últimas ecuaciones. En 2012 se publicaron las ecuaciones multi-étnicas de la Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) a fin de estandarizar mundialmente la interpretación de los exámenes de función pulmonar Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la concordancia de los informes espirométricos utilizando las ecuaciones más usadas en Chile versus las GLI. Métodos: Se comparó la concordancia en interpretación del patrón espirométrico (normal, obstructivo y restrictivo) y el grado de alteración, entre GLI con Gutiérrez 2014, con Knudson, y con NHANES III según las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias, a través del coeficiente de concordancia Kappa (K). Se estudiaron 315 sujetos mayores de 40 años (55% mujeres, edad: 59,3 ± 9,2 años), fumadores o ex fumadores, sanos o con EPOC, sometidos a una espirometría con broncodilatador como parte de un reconocimiento respiratorio. Se graficaron las diferencias utilizando el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: La concordancia para patrón entre GLI con Gutiérrez 2014, con Knudson y con NHANES III fue buena (K = 0,73; 0,71 y 0,77 respectivamente), al igual que para patrón y grado de alteración (K = 0,68; 0,67 y 0,76 respectivamente). Conclusiones: Encontramos una buena concordancia entre las ecuaciones más usadas en Chile y las de GLI, en una muestra que incluyó adultos, fumadores, ex fumadores sanos y enfermos.


ATS/ERS recommend the use of national reference values for the interpretation of spirometry. Reference values were published (2014) in general adult Chilean population, which are different from those of Knudson currently in use. However, most pulmonary function laboratories continue to use these latter equations. Multi-ethnic Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equations were published (2012) in order to standardize the interpretation of pulmonary function tests worldwide. Our objective was to evaluate the agreement in the spirometric reports between the most used equations in Chile with those from GLI. Methods: We compared the agreement in the interpretation of the spirometric pattern (normal, obstructive and restrictive) and the degree of alteration between GLI with Gutiérrez 2014, with Knudson and with NHANES III according to recommendations of the Chilean Society of Respiratory Diseases, through the Kappa concordance coefficient (K). The sample correspond to 315 adults over 40 years of age (55% women, 59.3 ± 9.2 years-old), smokers or ex-smokers, healthy or with COPD, who underwent spirometry with a bronchodilator as part of a respiratory check-up. Differences were plotted using the Bland-Altman method. Results: agreement for pattern between GLI with Gutiérrez 2014, with Knudson and with NHANES III was good (K = 0.73, 0.71 and 0.77 respectively) and also was good for the pattern and degree of alteration (K = 0.68, 0.67 and 0.76 respectively). Conclusions: We found a good agreement between the equations most used in Chile and those from the GLI, for a sample that includes subjects with and without lung disease, smokers and ex-smokers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Spirometry/methods , Spirometry/standards , Lung/physiology , Models, Theoretical , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Function Tests/standards , Societies, Medical , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology
7.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 27(1): 64-70, jan.-mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090404

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi correlacionar a diferença entre capacidade vital lenta (CVL) e capacidade vital forçada (CVF) (CVL-CVF) com a atividade física na vida diária (AFVD) em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC); e verificar as diferenças na AFVD entre indivíduos com CVL maior ou menor do que a CVF. Vinte e oito indivíduos com DPOC (18 homens; 67±8 anos; VEF1: 40±13% previsto) tiveram a função pulmonar avaliada pela espirometria e foram divididos em dois grupos: CVL>CVF (n=17) e CVL≤CVF (n=11). Ademais, tiveram a AFVD avaliada objetivamente pelo monitor de atividade física DynaPort®, que quantifica na vida diária, dentre outros, o tempo gasto por dia andando, em pé, sentado e deitado. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre CVL-CVF e as variáveis da AFVD no grupo geral. No grupo CVL>CVF foi encontrada significância estatística na correlação entre a CVL-CVF e o tempo gasto por dia em pé (r=−0,56) e sentado (r=0,75). Já no grupo CVL≤CVF, houve correlação significativa somente com o tempo gasto por dia em pé (r=0,57) e deitado (r=−0,62). Ao comparar ambos os grupos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para nenhuma das variáveis da AFVD (p>0,05 para todas). No grupo com CVL maior que a CVF houve correlação alta com o tempo gasto sentado, mas não com o tempo andando. Portanto, indivíduos com maior obstrução ao fluxo aéreo segundo a diferença CVL-CVF tendem a gastar mais tempo em atividades de menor gasto energético, que não envolvam caminhar.


RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de correlacionar la diferencia entre la capacidad vital lenta (CVL) y la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) (CVL-CVF) con la actividad física en la vida diaria (AFVD) de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC); y verificar las diferencias de la AFVD entre individuos con CVL mayor o menor que la CVF. Se evaluaron la función pulmonar de veintiocho personas con EPOC (18 hombres; 67±8 años; VEF1: 40±13% esperado) mediante espirometría, y los dividieron en dos grupos: CVL>CVF (n=17) y CVL≤CVF (n=11). La AFVD también se evaluó objetivamente por el monitor de actividad física DynaPort®, el cual cuantifica el tiempo que se gasta en la vida diaria caminando, de pie, sentado y acostado. No se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre CVL-CVF y las variables de la AFVD en el grupo general. En el grupo CVL>CVF, se encontró una significación estadística en la correlación entre CVL-CVF y el tiempo que se gasta diariamente en pie (r=−0,56) y sentado (r=0,75). El grupo CVL≤CVF presentó una correlación significativa solo con el tiempo que se gasta diariamente en pie (r=0,57) y acostado (r=−0,62). La comparación entre ambos grupos no resultó en diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguna de las variables de AFVD (p>0,05 para todas). En el grupo con CVL mayor que la CVF, hubo una alta correlación con el tiempo que se gasta sentado, pero con el tiempo que se gasta caminando no se encontró este resultado. Se concluye que las personas con una mayor obstrucción del flujo de aire de acuerdo con la diferencia CVL-CVF tienden a gastar más tiempo en actividades con menos gasto de energía, las que no implican caminar.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to correlate the difference of vital capacity (VC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (VC-FVC) with physical activity in daily life (PADL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and investigate the differences in PADL in individuals with VC smaller or greater than FVC. Twenty-eight patients with COPD (18 men, 67±8 years; FEV1: 40±13% predicted) had their lung function assessed by spirometry and were divided into two groups: VC>FVC (n=17) and VC≤CVF (n=11). Furthermore, they had their PADL evaluated by a validated activity monitor which measures, among other variables, time spent/day walking, standing, sitting and lying. There were no correlations between VC-FVC and the variables of PADL in the general group. In the group VC>FVC there was statistically significant correlation between VC-FVC and the time spent/day standing (r=−0.56) and sitting (r=0.75). In the group VC≤CVF , VC-FVC was significantly correlated with time spent/day standing (r=0.57) and lying (r=−0.62). When comparing the groups, there was no statistically significant difference for any variable of PADL (p>0.05 for all). In conclusion, in patients with VC greater than FVC there was high correlation with time spent/day sitting, but not with time spent/day walking. Therefore, individuals with greater airflow obstruction according to the VC-FVC difference tend to spend more time in activities of lower energy expenditure, which do not involve walking.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise/physiology , Vital Capacity/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests , Spirometry/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Environmental Monitoring , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Sedentary Behavior
8.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 38: e2018398, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1136738

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of pediatric asthma on patients of a specialized outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil. Methods: The study included children aged 8 to 17 years old with asthma diagnosis (mild, moderate and severe) under treatment at the asthma clinic of Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil. Measurements of spirometry, quality of life, disease control and atopy tests were applied. Results: A total of 66 children were included in the study and divided into groups, according to the severity of the disease: mild, moderate or severe asthma. The results showed similarities in both the treatment and the impact of asthma between groups, except for adherence to treatment: the group with mild asthma showed least adherence to treatment, and the group with severe asthma, greater adherence (p=0.011). As to school absenteeism, the group with severe asthma showed higher frequency (p=0.012), with over 10 days per year (p=0.043). Spirometry showed lower volume/capacity for the group with moderate asthma, followed by the groups with severe and mild asthma. All groups had a high prevalence of allergic asthma, with mites as the main allergens. For quality of life (QOL), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) levels, there were no differences between groups. In addition, the values were close to the acceptable levels for the total score and for each one of the six domains. The same occurred for the HRQOL-asthma module. Conclusions: QOL and HRQOL present acceptable levels regardless of the severity of the disease.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da asma pediátrica de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um centro de referência em pneumopediatria do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Participaram do estudo crianças com idade entre oito e 17 anos, com diagnóstico de asma (leve, moderada e grave), em acompanhamento no ambulatório de asma do Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Foram verificadas medidas de espirometria, avaliação dos níveis de qualidade de vida, controle da doença e teste de atopia. Resultados: Sessenta e seis crianças participaram do estudo, divididas em três grupos (asma leve, moderada e grave). Evidenciaram-se semelhanças tanto no tratamento quanto no impacto da asma, exceto para a adesão ao tratamento (p=0,011), em que o grupo de asma leve é o que menos adere e o grupo de asma grave o que mais adere ao tratamento. Em relação ao absenteísmo escolar, o grupo de asma grave apresentou o maior valor (p=0,012), com mais de dez dias/ano (p=0,043). As espirometrias demonstram menor volume/capacidade para o grupo de asma moderada, seguido do grupo de asma grave e asma leve. Os grupos possuem alta prevalência de asma alérgica, tendo os ácaros como os principais alérgenos. Quanto à qualidade de vida (QV) e à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS), não houve diferença entre os grupos. Além disso, os valores apresentados estão próximos aos níveis aceitáveis, tanto para o escore total quanto para os seis domínios analisados. O mesmo ocorre para o módulo QVRS-asma. Conclusões: Os níveis de QV e de QVRS demonstram-se aceitáveis, independentemente da gravidade da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Asthma/drug therapy , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Life , Asthma/immunology , Asthma/psychology , Asthma/epidemiology , Spirometry/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Allergens/adverse effects , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sickness Impact Profile , Absenteeism , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Mites/immunology
9.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 22(supl.1): e849, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280395

ABSTRACT

La incidencia de la miopatía inflamatoria idiopática es de 4 a 15 casos por cada millón de habitantes y su prevalencia de 60 por cada millón de habitantes. La dermatomiositis idiopática es más frecuente en las mujeres, aunque su asociación a fibrosis pulmonar es muy rara y solo se reporta en un 2 por ciento de los casos. Se describe el caso de un paciente de 50 años de edad, femenina, que presentó debilidad a nivel de la cintura escapular acompañada de fatiga. Tenía lesiones de rascado en diferentes regiones del cuerpo por prurito y lesiones eritematosas en la piel en ambos muslos. Además, se quejaba de dolores articulares generalizados con impotencia funcional y mialgias generalizadas progresivas e hipotrofia muscular de varios grupos musculares. El estudio analítico reveló enzimas musculares elevadas. La biopsia de piel y músculo mostró elementos sugestivos de dermatomiositis. Con la espirometría se detectó trastornos ventilatorios restrictivos de grave intensidad. Mediante la radiografía de tórax se halló infiltrado difuso peribroncovascular asociado a un trayecto fibroso y la tomografía axial computarizada precisó el pulmón con consolidación alveolar y discreto engrosamiento pleural. La paciente fue tratada con prednisona a 1 mg/kg/día asociado con azatioprina 1,5 mg/kg/día. Este tratamiento fue muy eficaz, y se logró una notable recuperación clínica y por estudios de laboratorio. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con dermatomiositis idiopática y fibrosis pulmonar. Esta asociación constituye un hallazgo infrecuente en nuestro medio y más aun con el paciente asintomático(AU)


The incidence of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy is from 4 to 15 cases per million inhabitants and its prevalence of 60 per million inhabitants. Idiopathic dermatomyositis is more frequent in women; Although its association with pulmonary fibrosis is described, it is very infrequent, it is only reported in 2 percent of cases. To describe a diagnosed case of idiopathic dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis. A 50-year-old patient presented weakness at the level of the shoulder girdle accompanied by fatigue. Physical examination: Skin: scratching lesions in different regions of the body due to pruritus, erythematous lesions at the level of the skin on both thighs. Osteomyoarticular system: generalized joint pains with functional impotence and progressive generalized myalgias and muscular hypotrophy of several muscle groups. The analytical study revealed elevated muscle enzymes. The skin and muscle biopsy showed elements suggestive of dermatomyositis. Chest X-ray: diffuse peribronchovascular infiltrate associated with fibrous path. Spirometry: restrictive ventilatory disorders of severe intensity. Computed tomography of the lung with alveolar consolidation and discrete pleural thickening. We report the case of a patient with idiopathic dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis. This association is an uncommon finding in our environment and even more so when the patient is asymptomatic(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Spirometry/methods , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Dermatomyositis/diagnosis , Myositis/epidemiology , Fatigue , Research Report
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 46(3): e20190138, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090814

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To generate reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and to compare those values with the values employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil. Methods: This study involved healthy children, 3-12 years of age, recruited from 14 centers (primary data) and spirometry results from children with the same characteristics in six databases (secondary data). Reference equations by quantile regressions were generated after log transformation of the spirometric and anthropometric data. Skin color was classified as self-reported by the participants. To determine the suitability of the results obtained, they were compared with those predicted by the equations currently in use in Brazil. Results: We included 1,990 individuals from a total of 21 primary and secondary data sources. Of those, 1,059 (53%) were female. Equations for FEV1, FVC, the FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75%) and the FEF25-75%/FVC ratio were generated for white-, black-, and brown-skinned children. The logarithms for height and age, together with skin color, were the best predictors of FEV1 and FVC. The reference values obtained were significantly higher than those employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil, for predicted values, as well as for the lower limit of normality, particularly in children with self-reported black or brown skin. Conclusions: New spirometric equations were generated for Brazilian children 3-12 years of age, in the three skin-color categories defined. The equations currently in use in Brazil seem to underestimate the lung function of Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and should be replaced by the equations proposed in this study.


RESUMO Objetivo: Gerar valores de referência para espirometria em crianças brasileiras de 3-12 anos de idade e comparar os resultados obtidos com as equações em uso no Brasil. Métodos: Foram incluídas crianças sadias de 3-12 anos recrutadas em 14 centros (dados primários) e resultados de espirometria de crianças com as mesmas características de seis bancos de dados (dados secundários). As equações quantílicas foram geradas após transformações logarítmicas dos dados espirométricos e antropométricos. A classificação por cor da pele foi autodeclarada. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os previstos nas equações em uso no Brasil para testar sua adequação. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1.990 indivíduos de 21 fontes de dados primários e secundários, sendo 1.059 (53%) do sexo feminino. Equações para VEF1, CVF, VEF1/CVF, FEF25-75% e FEF25-75%/CVF foram geradas para crianças brancas e para crianças negras e pardas. Os logaritmos da estatura e da idade e a cor da pele foram os melhores preditores para VEF1 e CVF. Os resultados obtidos foram significativamente maiores do que as estimativas geradas pelas equações em uso no Brasil, tanto para valores previstos quanto para o limite inferior da normalidade, particularmente em crianças negras e pardas. Conclusões: Novas equações espirométricas foram geradas para crianças brasileiras de 3-12 anos de cor branca, negra e parda. As equações atualmente em uso no Brasil parecem subestimar a função pulmonar de crianças brasileiras menores de 12 anos de idade e deveriam ser substituídas pelas equações propostas neste estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Spirometry/standards , Vital Capacity/physiology , Reference Values , Spirometry/methods , Brazil , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Predictive Value of Tests
11.
Rev. cuba. med ; 58(4): e508, oct.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1139030

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los síntomas nocturnos son frecuentes en asmáticos y pueden relacionarse con la gravedad, el grado de control del asma y la función pulmonar. Objetivos: Determinar las características demográficas, clínicas y espirométricas de pacientes asmáticos con síntomas nocturnos, que acuden a consulta externa de neumología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 50 pacientes asmáticos con síntomas nocturnos, atendidos por consulta externa en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico, en el período comprendido de mayo de 2017 a mayo de 2018. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (74,0 por ciento), la edad entre 40 y 59 años (52,0 por ciento), los antecedentes familiares de asma o alergia (60,0 por ciento) y múltiples comorbilidades asociadas (78,0 por ciento). La hipersomnia diurna estuvo presente en 80,0 por ciento de los casos, con una frecuencia significativamente elevada en pacientes con asma persistente moderada y severa, disminución de la reversibilidad aguda al broncodilatador, mal control de la enfermedad y limitación de la actividad física. Conclusiones: Los síntomas nocturnos en los pacientes asmáticos son frecuentes y se relacionan con la hipersomnia diurna, la gravedad del asma, el grado de control, la respuesta al broncodilatador y limitación de la actividad física(AU)


Introduction: Nighttime symptoms are frequent in asthmatics and can be related to severity, degree of asthma control and lung function. Objectives: To determine the demographic, clinical and spirometric characteristics of asthmatic patients with nocturnal symptoms, who go to an outpatient pulmonology clinic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 asthmatic patients with nocturnal symptoms, they were assisted in the outpatient consultation at the Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico, from May 2017 to May 2018. Results: Female sex (74.0 percent), age ranging 40 and 59 years (52.0 percent), family history of asthma or allergy (60.0 percent) and multiple associated comorbidities (78.0 percent) predominated. Daytime hypersomnia was present in 80.0 percent of cases, with significantly elevated frequency in patients with moderate and severe persistent asthma, decreased acute reversibility to the bronchodilator, poor disease control, and limited physical activity. Conclusions: Nocturnal symptoms in asthmatic patients are frequent and are related to daytime hypersomnia, asthma severity, degree of control, response to the bronchodilator and limitation of physical activity(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spirometry/methods , Status Asthmaticus/complications , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology , Narcolepsy/complications , Respiration Disorders/complications , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(11): 1343-1348, Nov. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057074

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate chronological age as a limiting factor to perform the bronchodilator test, determine significant adverse effects of short-acting beta 2 agonists with clinical repercussions, and assess bronchodilator response in extreme-old-age patients who undergo the spirometry test. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study. The sample was extracted from the database (spirometer and respiratory questionnaire) of a pulmonary function service. Patients over 90 years old were included in the research, and we evaluated their bronchodilator response and its significant adverse effects that may have clinical repercussions related to the bronchodilator. RESULTS: A sample of 25 patients aged 92.12 ± 2.22 years (95% CI, 91.20 - 93.04), with a minimum age of 90 years and a maximum of 97 years and a predominance of females with 72% (18/25). The bronchodilator test was performed in 84% (21/25) of the patients. The bronchodilator response was evaluated in 19 of the 21 patients (90.47%) who underwent the bronchodilator test. Two tests did not meet the criteria of acceptability and reproducibility. No clinical adverse effects were observed with the bronchodilator medication (salbutamol) during or after the exam. CONCLUSIONS: Chronological age is not a limiting factor for the bronchodilator test, short-acting beta-2 agonists did not present adverse effects with significant clinical repercussion and were useful in the diagnosis and therapeutic guidance of extreme-old-age patients.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se idade cronológica é um fator limitante para realizar prova broncodilatadora, determinar efeitos adversos significativos com repercussão clínica dos beta-2 agonistas de curta ação e avaliar a resposta broncodilatadora na espirometria, na velhice extrema. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo. Amostra extraída do banco de dados (espirômetro e questionário respiratório) de um serviço de função pulmonar. Incluídos na pesquisa pacientes com ≥90 anos, sendo avaliados a resposta broncodilatadora e efeitos adversos significativos com repercussão clínica ao broncodilatador. RESULTADOS: Amostra de 25 pacientes com idade de 92,12 ± 2,22 anos (IC 95%; 91,20 - 93,04), idade mínima de 90 anos e máxima de 97 anos, predominando o sexo feminino, com 72% (18/25). A prova broncodilatadora foi realizada em 84% (21/25) dos pacientes. A avaliação da resposta ao broncodilatador foi feita em 19 dos 21 pacientes (90,47%) que realizaram a prova broncodilatadora, uma vez que dois desses exames não preencheram os critérios de aceitabilidade e reprodutibilidade. A resposta broncodilatadora foi significativa em 10,52% (2/19) dos pacientes, ambos portadores de pneumopatia obstrutiva. Não foram observados efeitos adversos com repercussão clínica da medicação broncodilatadora (salbutamol) durante ou após sua realização. CONCLUSÕES: A idade cronológica não é um fator limitante para a realização da prova broncodilatadora, os beta-2 agonistas de curta ação não apresentaram efeitos adversos com repercussão clínica significativa e foram bastante úteis para auxiliar no diagnóstico e orientação terapêutica na velhice extrema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Spirometry/methods , Bronchial Provocation Tests/methods , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Aging , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage , Spirometry/adverse effects , Bronchial Provocation Tests/adverse effects , Bronchodilator Agents/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/adverse effects
13.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 14(2): 105-110, jul. 2019. graf, ilust, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015136

ABSTRACT

Spirometry is better pulmonary function test for evaluating preschoolers with chronic lung disease and recurrent wheeze. It is useful, accessible and very good performance. For a correct interpretation it must be under the conditions specially controlled for this age group. In this review, product of the work done during the year 2018, by the Committee on pulmonary function in pediatric pulmonology Chilean society, will be showcased aspects for the realization and interpretation of spirometry in preschool children, with emphasis on the differences in the criteria typically described for older children and adults.


La espirometría es la prueba de función pulmonar más adecuada para evaluar a preescolares con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas y sibilancias recurrentes. Es útil, accesible y de buen rendimiento. Para una correcta interpretación debe realizarse bajo las condiciones especialmente normadas para este grupo etario. En esta revisión, producto del trabajo realizado durante el año 2018, por la comisión de función pulmonar de la sociedad Chilena de Neumología Pediátrica, se expondrán los aspectos actualizados para la realización e interpretación de la espirometría en preescolares, con énfasis en las diferencias de los criterios clásicamente descritos para niños mayores y adultos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Spirometry/methods , Respiratory Function Tests , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Vital Capacity , Forced Expiratory Volume , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/physiopathology
14.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 26(2): 196-201, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012144

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O Modified Shuttle Walk Test (MSWT) é um teste de exercício potencialmente máximo que, associado à avaliação da força muscular respiratória (FMR), reflete a condição respiratória e a capacidade de exercício de escolares com fibrose cística (FC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a relação entre FMR e distância percorrida (DP) no MSWT realizado por escolares com FC e comparar os dados obtidos com valores preditos na literatura. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal que incluiu escolares com FC. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica, espirometria e FMR, utilizando as pressões inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e expiratória máxima (PEmáx) por meio da manovacuometria. Dois MSWT foram realizados, com intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Verificou-se a distribuição dos dados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e aplicou-se teste t pareado para comparação entre valores das avaliações e predito, bem como para comparação entre gêneros. Aplicou-se teste de Pearson para correlação entre PImáx e PEmáx e DP no MSWT. Aceitou-se significância de 5%. Participaram 28 crianças (9,9±1,9 anos) destas, 57,14% apresentaram PImáx abaixo do predito (15 crianças) e 53,57% da PEmáx (16 crianças). A média da DP foi 730,4±266,1m, abaixo do predito na literatura. Não houve relação entre DP e FMR. Identificou-se correlação moderada entre valores de PImáx e PEmáx (r=0,58 e p=0,01). Não houve relação entre FMR e desempenho no MSWT nos escolares com FC estudados. A FMR, bem como o DP no MSWT, apresentou-se abaixo do predito na literatura.


RESUMEN El Modified Shuttle Walk Test (MSWT) es una prueba de ejercicio potencialmente máxima que, asociada a la evaluación de la fuerza muscular respiratoria (FMR), refleja la condición respiratoria y la capacidad de ejercicio de escolares con fibrosis quística (FQ). El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la relación entre FMR y distancia recorrida (DP) en el MSWT realizado por escolares con FQ y comparar los datos obtenidos con valores predichos en la literatura. Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal que incluyó a los escolares con FQ. Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica, espirometría y FMR, utilizando las presiones inspiratoria máxima (PImáx) y espiratoria máxima (PEmáx) por medio de la manovacuometría. Se realizaron dos MSWT, con un intervalo de 30 minutos entre ellos. Se verificó la distribución de los datos por la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y se aplicó una prueba t pareada para la comparación entre los valores de las evaluaciones y el predicado, así como para la comparación entre los géneros. Se aplicó una prueba de Pearson para la correlación entre PImáx y PEmáx y DP en el MSWT. Se aceptó una significación del 5%. Participaron del estudio 28 niños (9,9±1,9 años); 57,14% presentaron PImáx por debajo del pronóstico (15 niños) y 53,57% por debajo del pronóstico para PEmáx (16 niños). El promedio de la DP fue 730,4±266,1m, por debajo del predicho en la literatura. No hubo relación entre DP y FMR. Se identificó una correlación moderada entre valores de PImáx y PEmáx (r=0,58 y p=0,01). No hubo relación entre FMR y desempeño en el MSWT en los escolares con FC. La FMR, así como la DP en el MSWT, se presentó abajo del predicho en la literatura.


ABSTRACT Modified Shuttle Walk Test (MSWT) is a potentially maximal exercise test that, together with the assessment of respiratory muscle strength (RMS), reflects the respiratory condition and exercise capacity of schoolchildren with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the RMS and the performance in the MSWT by schoolchildren with CF and to compare the data obtained with the values predicted in the literature. This is a cross-sectional observational study that included schoolchildren with CF. Anthropometric evaluation, spirometry and RMS evaluation were performed, using the maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures (Globalmed MVD300® manovacuometer) (ATS/ERS) (2002). Two MSWT were performed, with an interval of 30 minutes between them. The distribution of the data by the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied and paired t-test was used to compare the values of the evaluations with those predicted, as well as for comparison between genders. Pearson test was used for correlation between MIP and MEP and the performance in the MSWT. Significance of 5% was accepted. 28 children (9.9±1.9 years) participated; 57.14% showed MIP below the predicted (15 children) and 53.57% showed MEP below the predicted (16 children). The mean performance was 730.4±266.1m, which is lower than the values predicted in the literature. No relationship between performance and RMS was observed. A moderate correlation was observed between MIP and MEP values (r=0.58, p=0.01). No relationship between the RMS and the MSWT performance was observed in schoolchildren with CF of this study. The RMS and the performance in the MSWT were below the predicted in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology , Walk Test/methods , Spirometry/methods , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise Tolerance , Maximal Respiratory Pressures/methods
15.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 26(1): 58-64, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002021

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Analisar o desempenho muscular respiratório em praticantes de exercícios utilizando o aparelho Reformer do Método Pilates após um treinamento de 12 sessões. O estudo foi realizado com 24 voluntárias, adultas jovens, saudáveis, não tabagistas e não praticantes de exercício físico regular, divididas em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Treinado (GT). Os dois grupos foram submetidos às avaliações inicial e final para análise do desempenho dos músculos respiratórios por meio da manovacuometria e da eletromiografia do músculo reto abdominal. Utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para verificar a normalidade dos dados. A análise de variância two-way foi empregada para as comparações entre os grupos (GT e GC) e os momentos (inicial e final). Para comparações múltiplas, utilizou-se o teste post-hoc de Scheffé. Os GC e GT foram pareados para idade e IMC e, para verificação de diferenças entre os grupos, utilizou-se o teste t pareado. Considerou-se p<0,05 para significância. Houve diferença significante (p=0,039) entre os valores iniciais (116,6 ± 12,8) e finais (120 ± 12,8) de PImáx no GT, assim como entre os valores iniciais (75,3 ± 12,4) e finais (89,3 ± 13,7) de PEmáx nesse mesmo grupo (p=0,0005). Para a eletromiografia houve diferença significante (p=0,03) entre o momento inicial (42,1 ± 15,8) e final (76,7 ± 37,1) do GT para o músculo reto abdominal esquerdo. Conclui-se que as doze sessões de Pilates utilizando o aparelho Reformer melhoraram o desempenho muscular respiratório, aumentando a força da musculatura inspiratória e expiratória.


RESUMEN Evaluar el rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios en practicantes de ejercicios utilizando el método Reformer de Pilates después de un entrenamiento de 12 sesiones. Este estudio se realizó con 24 voluntarios, adultos jóvenes, sanos, no fumadores y no deportistas regulares, siendo divididos en grupo control (GC) y grupo entrenado (GE). El GE participó en un programa de entrenamiento ejecutando 6 ejercicios en el aparato Reformer. Ambos grupos se sometieron a evaluaciones iniciales y finales para analizar el rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios mediante la manovacuometría y la electromiografía del músculo recto abdominal. La prueba de Shapiro-Wilk se utilizó para verificar la normalidad de los datos. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza two-way para las comparaciones entre los grupos (GE y GC) y los momentos (inicial y final). Para comparaciones múltiples, se utilizó la prueba post-hoc de Scheffé. El GC y el GE se emparejaron por edad e IMC mediante la prueba t pareada. Se consideró el valor de significación p<0,05. Se observó una diferencia significativa (p=0,039) entre los valores iniciales (116,6 ± 12,8) y finales (120 ± 12,8) de PImax en el grupo entrenado, así como entre los valores de iniciales (75,3 ± 12,4) y finales (89,3 ± 13,7) de PEmax en el mismo grupo (p=0,0005). En la electromiografía, se observó una diferencia significativa (p=0,03) entre los momentos inicial (42,1 ± 15,8) y final (76,7 ± 37,1) del GE para el músculo recto abdominal izquierdo. Se concluye que las 12 sesiones de Pilates utilizando el aparato Reformer mejoran el rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios, aumentando la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y espiratoria.


ABSTRACT To analyze respiratory muscle performance in exercise practitioners using the Reformer of Pilates method after a 12-session training. This study was carried out with 24 volunteers, healthy young adults, non-smokers and non-regular exercisers, divided into control group (CG) and trained group (TG). The TG participated in a training program executing 6 exercises in the Reformer apparatus. Both groups were submitted to the initial and final evaluations to analyze the performance of the respiratory muscles through the manovacuometry and electromyography of the rectus abdominis muscle. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the data normality. Two-way analysis of variance was used for the comparisons between the groups (TG and CG) and moments (Initial and Final). For multiple comparisons, the Scheffé post hoc test was used. The groups Control and Trained were paired by age and BMI by paired t test. P <0.05 was considered for significance. A significant difference (p=0039) was observed between the initial (116.6 ± 12.8) and final (120 ± 12.8) values of MIP in the trained group, as well as between baseline values (75.3 ± 12.4) and final (89.3 ± 13.7) of MEP in the same group (p=0.0005). For electromyography, a significant difference (p=0.03) was observed between the initial (42.1 ± 15.8) and final (76.7 ± 37.1) moments of the TG for the left rectus abdominis muscle. The conclusion is that the 12 Pilates sessions using the Reformer apparatus improve respiratory muscle performance, increasing the inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Exercise Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Muscle Strength/physiology , Spirometry/methods , Breathing Exercises/methods , Longitudinal Studies , Rectus Abdominis/physiology , Electromyography , Maximal Respiratory Pressures
16.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(1): 28-35, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289667

ABSTRACT

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the cut-off point to define airflow obstruction has been controversial, it is widely accepted that the spirometry test is vital, as well as performing it after using a bronchodilator. The 6-second spirometry and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds (FEV1/FEV6) have demonstrated validity for defining obstruction, and it would be advisable to incorporate them in the definitions of obstruction. Another relevant issue is that spirometry with borderline obstruction can vary over time, changing to above or below the cut-off point. Thus, surveillance should be considered over time, repeating the spirometry to have a greater certainty in the diagnosis. The objective of this article was to conduct an in-depth review of the controversies in the diagnosis of COPD. During the past years, COPD definition has been updated in different times; however, it is now considered more as a complex syndrome with systemic participation, requiring a multidimensional assessment, and not only a spirometry.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spirometry/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Airway Obstruction/diagnosis , Time Factors , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/physiopathology
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(4): e20180232, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012565

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of spirometry in elderly people, by age group, at a pulmonary function clinic, to assess the quality of spirometry in the extremely elderly, and to determine whether chronological age influences the quality of spirometry. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study evaluating information (spirometry findings and respiratory questionnaire results) obtained from the database of a pulmonary function clinic in the city of Aracaju, Brazil, for the period from January of 2012 to April of 2017. In the sample as a whole, we determined the total number of spirometry tests performed, and the frequency of the tests in individuals ≥ 60 years of age, ≥ 65 years of age, and by decade of age, from age 60 onward. In the extremely elderly, we evaluated the quality of spirometry using criteria of acceptability and reproducibility, as well as examining the variables that can influence that quality, such a cognitive deficit. Results: The sample comprised a total of 4,126 spirometry tests. Of those, 961 (23.30%), 864 (20.94%), 102 (2.47%), and 26 (0.63%) were performed in individuals ≥ 60, ≥ 65, ≥ 86, and ≥ 90 years of age (defined as extreme old age), respectively. In the extremely elderly, the criteria for acceptability and reproducibility were met in 88% and 60% of the spirometry tests (95% CI: 75.26-100.00 and 40.80-79.20), respectively. The cognitive deficit had a negative effect on acceptability and reproducibility (p ≤ 0.015 and p ≤ 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: A significant number of elderly individuals undergo spirometry, especially at ≥ 85 years of age, and the majority of such individuals are able to perform the test in a satisfactory manner, despite their advanced age. However, a cognitive deficit could have a negative effect on the quality of spirometry.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de idosos que realizaram espirometria num serviço de função pulmonar, e avaliar a qualidade da realização do exame na velhice extrema e se a idade cronológica influencia essa qualidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo utilizando informações (espirometria e questionário respiratório) de um banco de dados de um serviço de função pulmonar em Aracaju (SE) entre janeiro de 2012 e abril de 2017. Com base na amostra geral, determinou-se o número total de espirometrias realizadas em todas as idades, em idosos ≥ 60 anos, ≥ 65 anos, e por década de idade a partir da sexta década. Na velhice extrema, avaliou-se a qualidade da espirometria utilizando critérios de aceitabilidade e reprodutibilidade, e investigaram-se variáveis que influenciam essa qualidade, tal como déficit cognitivo. Resultados: A amostra geral foi composta por 4.126 espirometrias. Dessas, 961 (23,30%), 864 (20,94%), 102 (2,47%) e 26 (0,63%) foram realizadas em idosos com ≥ 60 anos de idade, ≥ 65 anos, ≥ 86 anos e ≥ 90 anos (velhice extrema), respectivamente. Na velhice extrema, os critérios de aceitabilidade e reprodutibilidade foram preenchidos em 88% (IC95%: 75,26-100,00) e 60% (IC95%: 40,80-79,20) das espirometrias, respectivamente. O déficit cognitivo influenciou negativamente a aceitabilidade e a reprodutibilidade (p ≤ 0,015; e p ≤ 0,007, respectivamente). Conclusões: Idosos na velhice extrema são uma realidade atual nos serviços de função pulmonar, e a maioria deles é capaz de realizar espirometrias adequadamente, apesar da idade avançada. O déficit cognitivo influencia negativamente a qualidade da espirometria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Spirometry/methods , Spirometry/standards , Lung/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/psychology , Spirometry/psychology , Aging/physiology , Comorbidity , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Sex Factors , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Cognitive Dysfunction
18.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(4)jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-910196

ABSTRACT

O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 max) e o limiar anaeróbico (LA) obtidos no teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) são utilizados na avaliação de atletas. Todavia, dificuldades na identificação e mensuração dessas variáveis dificultam sua utilização prática. O ponto ótimo cardiorrespiratório (POC) é uma variável submáxima do TCPE de mensuração objetiva e com significado clínico prognóstico. Contudo, é desconhecido o seu comportamento em atletas.Descrever o comportamento do POC em jogadores profissionais de futebol e sua associação com VO2 max e LA. Análise retrospectiva de 198 futebolistas submetidos a TCPE máximo em esteira rolante com protocolo em rampa, divididos pela posição em campo: goleiro, zagueiro, lateral, meio-campo e atacante. Foram determinados VO2max, LA e POC. O POC correspondeu ao menor valor de ventilação/consumo de oxigênio em um dado minuto do TCPE. Variáveis contínuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student não emparelhado ou ANOVA, ou teste de Mann-Whitney ou de Kruskal-Wallis dependendo na distribuição das mesmas, e variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para testar a associação entre POC e outras variáveis ventilatórias. Adotou-se um nível de 5% para significância estatística. O POC (média ± desvio-padrão) foi de 18,2 ± 2,1 a uma velocidade 4,3 ± 1,4 km.h-1 menor do que a do LA. Enquanto o VO2 max (62,1 ± 6,2 mL.kg-1.min-1) tendeu a ser menor nos goleiros (p < 0,05), o POC não variou conforme a posição em campo (p = 0,41). Não houve associação significativa entre POC e VO2max (r = 0,032,p = 0,65) nem com LA (r = -0,003, p = 0,96).O POC pode ser facilmente determinado em exercício submáximo realizado com velocidades incrementais em futebolistas e não varia pela posição em campo. A ausência de associação com VO2max e LA indica que o POC traz uma informação distinta e complementar a essas variáveis. Estudos futuros são necessários para determinar implicações práticas do POC na avaliação de atletas


Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT) obtained during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) are used in the evaluation of athletes. However, the identification of these variables may sometimes be unreliable, which limits their use. In contrast, the cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) is a submaximal variable derived from CPX with objective measurement and prognostic significance. However, its behavior in athletes is unknown. To describe the behavior of COP in professional soccer players and its association with VO2max and VT. VO2max, VT and COP were obtained retrospectively from 198 soccer players undergoing maximal treadmill CPX using ramp protocol. COP was defined as the lowest value of the ventilation/oxygen consumption ratio in a given minute of the CPX. The soccer players were stratified according to their field position: goalkeeper, center-defender, left/right-back, midfielder and forwarder. Continuous variables were compared using unpaired Student t test or ANOVA, or Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test depending on their distribution, and categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to test the association between COP and other ventilatory variables. A level of 5% was used for statistical significance. COP (mean ± SD) was 18.2 ± 2.1 and was achieved at a speed 4.3 ± 1.4 km.h-1 lower than that achieved at the VT. While VO2max (62.1 ± 6.2 mL.kg-1.min-1) tended to be lower in goalkeepers (p < 0.05), the COP did not vary according to field position (p = 0.41). No significant association was observed between COP and VO2max (r = 0.032, p = 0.65) or between COP and VT (r = -0.003, p = 0.96). COP can be easily determined during submaximal exercise performed with incremental speed in soccer players and does not vary according to the athlete's field position. The absence of association with VO2max and VT indicates that COP provides distinct and complementary information to these variables. Future studies are needed to determine the practical implications of COP in assessing athletes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Athletic Performance , Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology , Exercise , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Soccer/trends , Analysis of Variance , Athletes , Electrocardiography/methods , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Spirometry/methods , Sports Medicine , Data Interpretation, Statistical
19.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 25(2): 42-46, 20/07/2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046458

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) é realizada para diminuir os sintomas característicos da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e após esse procedimento os pacientes necessitam de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). Um tempo prolongado de VMI resulta no aumento de complicações pulmonares, mortalidade e prolonga o tempo de internação hospitalar. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a função pulmonar e a capacidade funcional pré-operatória com o tempo de VMI após CRM. Casuística eMétodos: Estudo decoorte prospectivo realizado entre 2011 e 2015 com inclusão de40 indivíduos. Foram avaliadas a capacidade funcional e função pulmonar no pré-operatório da CRM, além do tempo de VMIno momento após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados: Asvariáveis da função pulmonar apresentaram correlação inversacom o tempo de VMI pós CRM, capacidade vital forçada(CVF) (r = -0,51; p = 0,001); o volume expiratório forçadono 1º segundo (VEF1) (r = -0,49; p = 0,001), o pico de fluxoexpiratório (PFE) (r = -0,42; p = 0,008) e a capacidade vitalinspiratória (CVin) (r = -0,51; p = 0,001). A mesma correlaçãonão foi observada entre a capacidade funcional (r = -0,22; p =0,166) e o tempo de VMI pós CRM. Conclusão: Os pacientesque apresentaram melhor função pulmonar no pré-operatóriode CRM, necessitaram um menor tempo de VMI após essacirurgia. O mesmo não foi observado em relação a capacidadefuncional.


Introduction: The coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely utilized to decrease the symptoms of coronary artery disease. After this surgery the patients will need mechanical ventilation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation results in higher rates of pulmonary complications and mortality, as well as higher hospital length of stay. Objective: To evaluate the association between pulmonary function, functional capacity, and the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after CABG. Patients andMethods: The prospective cohort study was carried out during 2011 and 2015. In total, 40 patients undergoing CABG were evaluated for preoperative pulmonary function and functional capacity. Results: Preoperative pulmonary function was found to be inversely proportional to duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after CABG, forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = -0,5; p = 0,001), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r = -0,49; p = 0,001), peak expiratory flow (PEF) (r = -0,42; p = 0,008), inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) (r = -0,51; p = 0,001). However, there was no correlation between functional capacity (r = -0,22; p = 0,166) and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after CABG. Conclusion: The patients whose pulmonary function were significantly higher remained less time under ventilation than the patients with poorer pulmonary function. However, there was no relation between functional capacity and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Spirometry/methods , Thoracic Surgery , Myocardium
20.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(4): 323-332, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954122

ABSTRACT

O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e o limiar anaeróbico (LA) obtidos no teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) são utilizados na avaliação de atletas. Todavia, dificuldades na identificação e mensuração dessas variáveis dificultam sua utilização prática. O ponto ótimo cardiorrespiratório (POC) é uma variável submáxima do TCPE de mensuração objetiva e com significado clínico prognóstico. Contudo, é desconhecido o seu comportamento em atletas. Objetivo: Descrever o comportamento do POC em jogadores profissionais de futebol e sua associação com VO2max e LA. Materiais e Método: Análise retrospectiva de 198 futebolistas submetidos a TCPE máximo em esteira rolante com protocolo em rampa, divididos pela posição em campo: goleiro, zagueiro, lateral, meio-campo e atacante. Foram determinados VO2max, LA e POC. O POC correspondeu ao menor valor de ventilação/consumo de oxigênio em um dado minuto do TCPE. Variáveis contínuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student não emparelhado ou ANOVA, ou teste de Mann-Whitney ou de Kruskal-Wallis dependendo na distribuição das mesmas, e variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para testar a associação entre POC e outras variáveis ventilatórias. Adotou-se um nível de 5% para significância estatística. Resultados: O POC (média ± desvio-padrão) foi de 18,2 ± 2,1 a uma velocidade 4,3 ± 1,4 km.h-1 menor do que a do LA. Enquanto o VO2max (62,1 ± 6,2 mL.kg-1.min-1) tendeu a ser menor nos goleiros (p < 0,05), o POC não variou conforme a posição em campo (p = 0,41). Não houve associação significativa entre POC e VO2max (r = 0,032, p = 0,65) nem com LA (r = -0,003, p = 0,96). Conclusão: O POC pode ser facilmente determinado em exercício submáximo realizado com velocidades incrementais em futebolistas e não varia pela posição em campo. A ausência de associação com VO2max e LA indica que o POC traz uma informação distinta e complementar a essas variáveis. Estudos futuros são necessários para determinar implicações práticas do POC na avaliação de atletas


Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT) obtained during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) are used in the evaluation of athletes. However, the identification of these variables may sometimes be unreliable, which limits their use. In contrast, the cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) is a submaximal variable derived from CPX with objective measurement and prognostic significance. However, its behavior in athletes is unknown. Objective: To describe the behavior of COP in professional soccer players and its association with VO2max and VT. Methods: VO2max, VT and COP were obtained retrospectively from 198 soccer players undergoing maximal treadmill CPX using ramp protocol. COP was defined as the lowest value of the ventilation/oxygen consumption ratio in a given minute of the CPX. The soccer players were stratified according to their field position: goalkeeper, center-defender, left/right-back, midfielder and forwarder. Continuous variables were compared using unpaired Student t test or ANOVA, or Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test depending on their distribution, and categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to test the association between COP and other ventilatory variables. A level of 5% was used for statistical significance. Results: COP (mean ± SD) was 18.2 ± 2.1 and was achieved at a speed 4.3 ± 1.4 km.h-1 lower than that achieved at the VT. While VO2max (62.1 ± 6.2 mL.kg-1.min-1) tended to be lower in goalkeepers (p < 0.05), the COP did not vary according to field position (p = 0.41). No significant association was observed between COP and VO2max (r = 0.032, p = 0.65) or between COP and VT (r = -0.003, p = 0.96). Conclusion: COP can be easily determined during submaximal exercise performed with incremental speed in soccer players and does not vary according to the athlete's field position. The absence of association with VO2max and VT indicates that COP provides distinct and complementary information to these variables. Future studies are needed to determine the practical implications of COP in assessing athletes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Soccer/trends , Exercise , Athletic Performance , Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology , Spirometry/methods , Sports Medicine , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Electrocardiography/methods , Athletes
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